Cancer cells don’t exist in isolation – instead, they live within a complex ecosystem that also includes immune cells, stromal cells, the extracellular matrix, blood vessels and many other factors.

Despite progress in cancer biology, deciphering the spatial architecture of the tumor microenvironment remains a challenge.

The tumor microenvironment is not just a site of cancer growth—it is a high-stakes metabolic contest where tumor and immune cells vie for limited resources. Amino acids, once seen as passive nutrients ...

Recent advances in cancer treatment highlight the potential of natural medicines to target the tumor vascular microenvironment, offering a novel strategy to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. Unlike ...