When rolled on a moist clay tablet, these engravings left low-relief markings, signifying that the object's owner authorized ...

1. The Sumerian Account of the Invention of Writing -- 2. Time and Place of the Invention -- 3. Received Ideas: The Pictographic Origins of Cuneiform Writing -- 4. Received Ideas: The Origin of ...

When people living in southern Mesopotamia (now southern Iraq) toward the end of the 4th millennium BC created documents by inscribing cuneiform characters on clay tablets, they took the first step in ...

The ancient Sumerians invented cuneiform, shown here on a clay tablet documenting barley rations issued monthly to adults and children. The language may have died out as a result of a 200-year drought ...

Ancient Egypt, China and Mesopotamia are all frequently cited as long-lasting civilizations, enduring for thousands of years. But which of these societies lasted the longest? It turns out, that's not ...

A study reveals that Sumer, the cradle of civilization, rose because of natural tidal irrigation that shaped the world’s ...

New research shows that the rise of Sumer was deeply tied to the tidal and sedimentary dynamics of ancient Mesopotamia. Early ...

New research uncovers how ancient tides shaped the rise of Sumer. A newly released study questions established beliefs about ...

Sometime around 1800 B.C., a Sumerian scholar inscribed a hand-sized clay tablet with a series of cryptic numbers. The unusual tablet, known as Plimpton 322 (below), has provoked years of fevered ...

In southern Iran, in the sun-baked lands of Kerman, archaeologists have been digging up the remains of an unknown culture for two decades. Pre-Mesopotamian writing, planned cities, ritual objects of ...